Study Management free essay sample

Managing Success in a Dynamic Online Marketplace Keihin Aircon NA, Inc. Lean Manufacturing Is a Process Whose Time Has Come E- Trade and Wells Fargo:The Business Case for Clicks and Bricks e-Commerce Microsoft and Dell:The WWW is Anything but Business as Usual chapter 10 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS Allstate Insurance,Aviva Canada, and Others: Centralized Business Intelligence at Work Wal-Mart, BankFinancial, and HP:The Business Value of AI Proctor Gamble and Others: Using Agent-Based Modeling for Supply Chain Management Boehringer Ingelheim: Using Web-Based Tools for Financial Analysis and Reporting chapter II The Rowe Coso and Merrill Lynch:The ROI Process in Business/iT Planning Johnson Controls and Bank of New York:The Challenges of Global Application Integration Corning Inc. : Business/iT Planning Strategies in Challenging Times Cincinnati Bell: Change Management Challenges of Business Convergence chapter   Blue Cross, ATTWireless, and CitiStreet: Development Challenges of Self-Service Web Systems InterContinental Hotels, Del Taco,and Cardinal Health: Implementation Strategies Du Pont and Southwire: Implementing Successful Enterprise Information Portals Wyndham International and Amazon. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page om: Cost-Effective IT chapter F-Secure, Microsoft, GM,and Verizon:The Business Challenge of Computer Viruses Geisinger Health Systems and Du Pont: Security Management The Federal Reserve Bank:Creating a Sound Software Patch Management Strategy Online Resources, Lehman Brothers, and Others: ManagingNetwork Security Systems chapter Chicago Board of Trade: From Failure to Success in Managing Information Technology Global Exchange Services and Allstate: Challenges and Solutions in Offshore Systems Development Bio-ERA and Burlington Northern Santa Fe:The Business Case for Global Collaborative Development Avon Products and Guardian Life Insurance: Successful Management of IT Projects APPENDIX Nike: Recovering from SupplyChain Disaster Citigroup GClB:Measuring IT with IT Robot Scientist:A Machine with a Mindof Its Own eBay,AOL,PayPal,and Others: Gone Phishing ATTWireless Self-Destructs Recreational Equipment International: Scaling the e-Commerce Mountain

Four tips for effective tweeting - Emphasis

Four tips for effective tweeting Four tips for effective tweeting If you were nervous about using Twitter in a professional capacity already, the past months headlines about 10,000 tweeters having potentially libelled Conservative peer Lord McAlpine probably wont have helped your confidence. But tweeting doesnt have to be the minefield its often presented as. Just remember to treat it with the same respect that you would any public communication and you cant go far wrong, writes Cathy Relf. Here are four tips that youd naturally apply to face-to-face or written communication. Apply the same rules to your tweets and youll soon find youre opening up a whole new channel of sector-specific news, networking and chat. 1. Strike a balance One of the trickier aspects of tweeting in connection with work is that you need to balance being professional with being personable. If everything you tweet is dry, factual and work-related, few people are likely to want to follow you. On the other hand, if you only ever tweet about football and nights out, youre likely to alienate colleagues and clients with whom you have only profession in common. The answer is moderation. Of course its fine to tweet about both work and football just make sure theres a balance. Twitter is an informal space and your followers are hoping to see a little personality, otherwise theyd simply look you up on your company website. They just dont want to know what you had for breakfast. Dont monitor your follower numbers too closely, though, or read too much into losing a few now and then. If your follower count is on a general upward trend, thats good. But dont check it more than once a week. It will fluctuate daily and hourly, partly because some people use programs that follow and unfollow accounts on their behalf. Incidentally, we wouldnt recommend you do this, any more than youd employ someone to make and dispose of your face-to-face acquaintances. 2. Dont be a bore Remember, just like a conversation in the office or the pub, its not meant to be a monologue. If people mention you or respond to your tweets, reply to them. If the only thing that responds to your tweets is tumbleweed, resist the urge to just repeat the same tweets again, and instead ask yourself why. Perhaps you tweeted at a time when people tend not to be looking at Twitter. (There are apps that can help you with this.) Commuting hours and lunchbreaks are often good times to get conversations going. Or perhaps your tweets arent reaching many people simply because you dont have many followers in which case, try following other people and responding to their tweets. Theyre likely to do the same in return. Or perhaps youre tweeting things that dont invite a response. Try asking a question to get things going. In fact, one of the best things about Twitter is that it puts a whole community of communicators at your fingertips, many of whom are willing to share their opinions. Its a great opportunity for brainstorming and feedback. For example, when I was planning this article, I thought it might be helpful to start by asking people what kind of behaviour they disliked on Twitter. The answers came flooding in (occasionally a little swearily, be warned), and Ive used Storify to collate them. 3. Keep it wise and legal Remember that unless youve set your account to protected (where only your followers can see your tweets), everything you write is visible to everyone, whether theyre a member of Twitter or not. So its not the place to complain about your boss, your colleagues, your clients or anyone else. Be as careful with the truth on Twitter as you would when publishing material in any other place. Libel is the publication of matter that is false and defamatory. That includes tweets and RTs, even if you delete them later and even if your account is set to protected. Earlier this month, lawyers for Lord McAlpine identified more than 10,000 potentially libellous tweets incorrectly linking him with child sex abuse. The fact that the tweets were triggered by a misleading Newsnight report hasnt prevented Lord McAlpine taking action against some of the tweeters. Nor has the fact that in some cases they made only mysterious observations, rather than direct allegations. Theres a simple way to stay out of this kind of trouble: never tweet or retweet anything that youre not one hundred per cent sure is true, especially if it has the potential to damage the reputation of a person or a company. 4. Learn the lingo Youre probably as keen on LOLs and ROFLs as we are (ie not very), so were not going to discuss those here. However, there are a few Twitter-specific abbreviations that you need to know, if you dont already. DM direct message. These can only be seen by the person youre sending them to. Everything else is visible to everyone. You can only DM someone if they already follow you, and they can only reply if you follow them. RT retweet. There are two ways to RT. Either you can click the retweet symbol to replicate the original message exactly, or you can do a manual retweet by copying and pasting the text, preceded by RT @username. This allows you to add your own comment at the start of the tweet. MT modified tweet. Sometimes when you do a manual RT youll run out of space and have to cut a little of the original. In this case, write MT @username instead. HT hat tip. When you want to tweet about something that you found out about via another user, but you dont want to use their own words, its polite to mention them with an HT (or a via). #hashtags. These are meant to make searching for subjects easier. So, for example, if youre tweeting something about Brighton, you might hashtag the word #Brighton. However, people often use them to add witticisms to the end of their tweets. #becausetheythinkitsclever (Incidentally, you cant use punctuation in a hashtag. Yes, that its pained me.) FF follow Fridays. On Fridays, some users share their favourite tweeters to encourage others to follow them. Its a compliment, so its polite to thank them. But retweeting it to show off your popularity is a no-no. In the December issue of the Write Away e-bulletin, we show you five ways that tools and apps can make your tweeting more effective.

Essay on Intellectual Disability Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Essay on Intellectual Disability - Assignment Example Explaining on, Henley et al (2009; p.32-34) state that â€Å"this classification process assumes that assigning a student a categorical name implies knowledge about the characteristics of the student's learning problem.† This means that the essential reason for labeling students is to help educators in quickly or easily identifying the students by their disability level so that the needed support can be given to them outright. Because of this, there are traditional labels such as mild, moderate and severe intellectual disability. The question that has however revolved around most circles of educational literature is whether or not labeling has lived to its purpose and whether or not labeling is still relevant today. Foreman (2009) and Thompson et al (2009) approach the subject from their own perspectives. Without any doubt the two writers under review through a lot of point for the practice of labeling of students with disability. In the case of Thompson et al (2009) for insta nce, the writers revisit the fact that for the sake of successful classification or labeling to take place, educators have always been very particular with measurement exercises. Foreman (2009) also mentions that labeling or classification leads to support enhancement. Clearly if for the sake of labeling educators will be very serious with academic measurement exercises, it means that there will be a true reflection of what each and every student represents and what each and every student made up of so that eventual placement for educational and professional courses will be effective. Again, once students with mental disability are labeled, if helps in dishing out the most precise and prescribed support for their educational needs. Indeed there is a traditional saying that a drug used to treat boils cannot be used to treat stomach ache. This is to mean that treatment that is needed by a student with a certain level or degree of mental disability will not be appropriate for a student with a different degree of mental disability. From this perspective, both groups of writers admit that labeling is useful. The concerns of the writers however do not end with the fact that labeling has its own advantages. The writers delved very deep into the potential disadvantages of scrutinized the argument whether or not the essence of labeling is being carried out in modern schools successfully. Out of the scrutiny, the writers raise the awareness that labeling may have some advantages but the practice has actually out lived its usefulness. They also hold the view that labeling is wrongfully being applied and that the needed methodical approaches are not being followed in the use of labeling of mentally disabled students. In one breadth, Thompson et al (2009) seriously question if there are no more accommodating means of identifying students with mental disability and giving them the support they need other than labeling. The simple reason that the writers advocate this is tha t labeling is lately taking away the essence for which it was institutionalized. For instance by the mere fact that students are labeled, they become widely set apart from their colleagues and the natural world around them. It must not be forgotten that the fact that students have some degrees of mental disability does not mean they are total non-functional. This means that such students would definitely have questions for themselves as to why they are being set apart. This way, instead of helping

Sexuality and Teen Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexuality and Teen Pregnancy - Essay Example I would understand her need for autonomy but would also make her understand that autonomy does not mean engaging in dangerous activities that would risk her future prospects. The concept of teenage pregnancies has always been considered as undesirable in all ages (Holgate, Evans & Yuen, 2006). Actually, the teenagers are pressurized from the society to bring out their sexualities and develop relationships at an age when they have not yet completed their education and are unemployed. Big credit goes to the mass media which has arose feelings of sexuality in teenagers through advertisements and shows that the teenagers see and fantasize ignoring the fact they are too young for it. The sexual urges cover themselves under the name of love and as a result a total demoralization of the society occurs when teenagers make each other sexual objects rather than citizens. Apart from the risk of pregnancy, another important physical issue that is involved in teenage sexual relationship is regard ing the sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS (Talashek, Norr & Dancy, 2003, p.207). It is such a dreadful disease that is not curable, so why should a teenager like Sally take such a big risk? There are mental issues involved in teenage pregnancies too. Getting pregnant would be a total disaster of Sally’s personality if she wanted to step ahead in her educational career. Wilson and Huntington (2006) have discussed in their study how the passing decades have stigmatized the teenage pregnant mothers and what negative social outcomes they suffer from that make them undergo social exclusion and reduced opportunities in education, training and employment.

The Impact of the Privatization and Expenditures on the State Research Paper

The Impact of the Privatization and Expenditures on the State Employments in the US - Research Paper Example The data in this research consisted of the expenditures of 33 states in the U.S. and their respective employment level in each state for 2000, 2006 and 2007 years. State employment as a dependent variable, and expenditure and privatization as independent variables were analyzed for the following three years 2000, 2006 and 2007 respectively (Brown & Weisbenner, 2009). In conclusion, Privatization is adopted by the governments in order to transfer the ownership of the management of any service or a property from the control of the public or government to the private sector. Privatization may be complete or incomplete depending on the policies of the government and the fiscal pressure on the public sector (Pappa, 2009). Privatization is the procedure of transferring the ownership of a property or management of any activity or services from the hands of the public or the government to a private owner. The privatization leads to transfer of the properties and services from the public to the private sector which helps the government to increase the efficiency of operation and management of assets in a better way. The government has started to sell off or allow the lease of established assets of the public into the hands of the private sector for the purpose of cost reduction, increasing efficiency of operation, maintenance and open avenues for the source of funds required for new investments. Privatization has been the trend of the governments all over the world. The scope of privatization has not been much in the U.S. as the economy was developed as to be a free market economy. Moreover, the government has not owned several industries unlike other countries of the world. This provided little scope for the government to distribute public ownership to the private sector.  

Theories for Ethical Obligations of a Company

Theories for Ethical Obligations of a Company For some, the perspective that the fundamental objective or motivation behind business is to profit is acknowledged point of fact and is past argument. To go further and say that the social obligation of a business is additionally just to make a benefit is prone to verbal confrontation. The point of this paper is to talk about the different perspectives of the obligation of business. Moreover, to investigate the ethical obligations that a partnership may have beyond making benefits for its stockholders. The Friedman view Milton Friedmans perspective is that in an capitalist economy, there is unrivaled one obligation of business- to utilize its assets and take part in exercises intended to build its benefits so long as it stays inside the standards of the game, which is to say, participates in open and free rivalry without misleading or misrepresentation (Friedman, 1983). At the point when one is taking a gander at the obligations of an individual or an association they should first inspect their parts. The directors of organizations have a guardian obligation to act to the greatest advantage of the shareholders. The directors are operators of the shareholders and in this manner have an ethical commitment to deal with the firm in light of a legitimate concern for the shareholders, which clearly is to profit as could be allowed and expand shareholder riches. The shareholders are the proprietors of the association and subsequently the benefits fit in with them. Be that as it may, does that entitle the c hiefs and administrators to act in an exploitative way to advantage the shareholders? As per Friedman (1970), a corporate official (administrator) has a direct obligation to his or her employers, and that is to lead business as per their goals, which is for the most part to profit as could be allowed. In an capitalist society it is uncommon to hear that one has started a new business for reasons other than to profit as could reasonably be expected. The corporate official is the agent of the people who own the business and their primary obligation is to them. As expressed by Miller and Ahrens (1988), Friedman accepts that partnerships are a types of private property and, thus, that they have precisely the same social obligation as different organizations in an entrepreneur economy, that is, to profit as could be expected under the circumstances so long as they stay inside the rules of the game which is to say, takes part in open and free rivalry. Friedmans perspective to overseeing business takes the traditional viewpoint. This is a way to deal with administration that supporters permit the invisible hand of free market strengths, with their allocative and facilitating efficiencies in asset allotment, to manage business for societys enhancement and to direct the activities of business. In its fundamental plan, it embraces that the whole social obligation of a business substance is to make benefits and comply with the law (Bartol et al., 1998, p131). This way to deal with administration battles that it makes the best useful for the best number, and subsequently the administration require not intercede. Other Views Advocates of utilitarianism would consider the activities of administration by utilizing this methodology as ethical, on the grounds that with utilitarianism, the results of an action are thought to be ethical on the off chance that they give more good(or advantages) than harm (or costs). Consequently, Utilitarian thinking evaluates activities by reference to the utility they create. This is further contracted by Financial Utilitarianism whereby the activities which create more noteworthy financial utility (benefits) are considered as preferable activities over those which produce less financial utility. Cavanagh (1990) states that money saving investigation is the overwhelming measure in ninety percent of all business choices. In the event that we take after Friedmans view that the social obligation of business is to be profitable, and moreover, results are measured by expenses and advantages, it seems sensible from an utilitarian viewpoint that the best moral activity is that which boosts benefit (Clark Jonson 1995, p3). Moral selfishness can likewise give a premise to shielding entrepreneur administration choices. With this system, if the assessment of the outcomes concentrates singularly on the individual (partnership) long run interest, and the choice results in a more prominent proportion of good contrasted choices, the choice would be considered as ethical. So expanding the benefit of the organization would be over the long haul enthusiasm of the enterprise and consequently would be considered as ethical. Critiques of capitalism accept that the specific inspirations of liberal societies, self interest and the craving for profit, must lead to absence of concern toward the earth and community in general. Dim (1992) backs this by indicating that nature is in crisis and earnest arrangements are required. I accept that if there are no strict controls on generation in a liberal society, for example, Australia, the regular assets will rapidly be depleted and the common habitat will be contaminated to safe levels which can never be turned around. Various writers contend, on the other hand, that organizations ought not run singularly for the interests of the stockholders. (Donaldson 1982, Miller and Ahren 1988). Maybe, organizations have a social obligation that obliges them to consider the interests of all gatherings influenced by the activities of the business. Administration ought not just think of it as stockholders (shareholders) in the choice making process additionally any individual who holds a stake in the result. Along these lines, another approach to break down the social obligations of business is to consider those influenced by the business choices, and alluded to as partners. Freeman (1984), characterized the term partners as any gathering or person who can influence or is influenced by the accomplishment of the associations objectives(p46). Cases of partner gatherings (past stockholders) are workers, suppliers, clients, loan bosses, contenders, governments, and groups (Goodpaster 1991, p53). Stockholders (proprietors) have a budgetary enthusiasm for the business and clearly expect a money related return. The business influences their livelihood on the grounds that they require cash to live and buy material things. Employees have their occupations and again their livelihood to consider. Consequently for their abilities and work they give to the business they expect a compensation, advantages, security (not to be made repetitive), to be dealt with reasonably and not to be presented to a hurtful situation. Suppliers are likewise considered as stakeholders on the grounds that the business depends on them to give the fundamental crude materials which will focus the last items quality and cost. The supplier needs to be approached with deference on the off chance that they are to react to the needs of the business properly and in like manner. Customers also requires to be dealt with as an esteemed individual from the partner system on the grounds that without them the business would not exist. They give the income that is required for the business to attain to its principle objective – to be productive. The community is another partner in light of the fact that in theory the local community gives the business the privilege to exist. They allow the business the privilege to fabricate offices to work, and they buy the business items. For these and different reasons the business ought to consider the group in their choice making methodology. They ought not dirty the earth in light of the fact that basically they are presenting the group to dangers (wellbeing risks). On the off chance that stakeholder hypothesis is to be utilized to break down the social obligation of companies, the inquiries that may be asked are: Is it so natural to consider all the diverse partners in the choice making procedure? Whats more, provided that this is true, is it truly so not quite the same as the Friedman rationality of where a business social obligation is to profit as could reasonably be expected? Stakeholder hypothesis does not give any power to one partner over another, so there will be times that when one gathering will advantage to the detriment of another. The issue that then emerges is which gathering would be given special treatment? Again a cost-benefit examination will need to occur and one will need to compute the utility of a proposed activity for the partners. Anyway, making into note of the diverse partners would that make those organizations more ethical? Kenneth Goodpaster (1991) made the vital point that simply distinguishing a gathering as partn ers in some movement does not, without anyone elses input, point towards a right or proper ethical examination of the action. This hypothesis is one stage forward from Liberalism (free enterprise/free markets) to one of change radicalism. Liberal responsibility scholars accept that in giving more data enterprises are fulfilling the needs of the distinctive partners. Notwithstanding, if enterprises are going to make the move to getting to be more acommodating of all stakeholders and in charge of their activities, they must split far from the liberal models (instrumental thinking) which are set up and move towards a viable method for thinking. Lehman (1999) expressed Viable thinking is the sort of thinking we use in our regular thoughts to settle on good and ethical choices. Communitarianism Companies (organizations) must figure out how to treat their administration, laborers, suppliers and clients, and additionally their shareholders, as individuals from a community. This undertaking requires the epitome of communitarian standards in the working of each association in the economy, both in the private and open segment. A communitarian needs society to raise individuals with implicit good standards which limit them from evildoing; the law is only a move down, to control anybody whose childhood neglects to stick(Stretton, 1994, p267). So individuals will require a lot of educating from family, superintendents and school or from their every day encounters of life in the event that they are to think all the more essentially and with good standards. Communitarians accept that it takes a ton of history and aggregate activity both to add to the complex society that offers an awesome differing qualities of alternatives, and to raise people with certain, skilful abilities to think and pick for themselves (Stretton, 1994, p267). At the point when these people learn or choose that a few things are great and some are terrible, and from there on sees them as awful or great, their attitude to perceive things in that way will turn into the singulars character (Stretton 1994). At the same time, by having a communitarian method for living would organizations still mean to build benefits, or will they exist just to serve the group? What kind of society would oblige the communitarian standards? Would communitarianism cause the partnerships to act in the general population interest? As expressed by Lehman (date obscure) a more extensive communitarian system looks to realize social change through educated dialog in an open circle; in scrutinizing the supposition of financial development it is recommended that procedural progressivism could be utilized as a corporate cover to sustain unchecked monetary advancement that is dangerous in nature (p 12). Communitarians stress over the inclination to lessen reasonable thinking to instrumental thinking which is the kind of thinking utilized by business analysts to land at ideal arrangements at negligible expenses (Taylor, 1995), and is a focal strand in contemporary liberal and responsibility models (Lehman, date obscu re). Conclusions Organizations may have more than recently the obligation to build benefits, and must consider the earth and group on the loose. This may oblige that we move far from the eager industrialist liberal society that we are living in, in the event that we as a group are to wind up more acommodating of others. For the group everywhere (counting enterprises) to be moral, they may require to be taught by organizations, loved ones around them. Partnerships will need to think further or consider more than simply the stockholders in the choice making procedure. Partner hypothesis may be one stage in the right heading yet communitarians would contend that this is simply change radicalism. Communitarians evaluate of progressivism is that both the Friedman and partner hypotheses are instrumental frameworks and in this way contract our reasoning and work through the thought of a company. On the off chance that we do head in this heading, conventional bookkeeping may need to be improved through the innovation of social and ecological bookkeeping to make partnerships more responsible to the group. Natural bookkeeping may be fundamental if partnerships are to fulfill the responsibility associations with partners (companies giving a record of its activities to partners), and on the off chance that it is to change the cognizance of organizations. Natural bookkeeping eventually calls for companies to give and give motivations to their utilization of nature (Lehman, date obscure, p396 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bartol K, et al (1998), Management A Pacific Rim Focus, Sydney, Australia, McGraw Hill. Beauchamp T L Bowie N E (1996), Ethical Theory and Businesses, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall. Cavanagh G H (1990), American Business Values, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Clark G L Jonson E P (1995), Management Ethics: Theory, Cases and Practice, Australia: Harper Educational. Donaldson T (1982), Constructing a Social Contract for Business, in Corporations and Morality, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Evan W E Freeman E, A Stakeholder Theory of the Modern Corporation: Kantian Capitalism, in Beauchamp T L Bowie E (1988), Ethical Theory and Business, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Freeman R E (1984), Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Boston: Pitman. Friedman M, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase it Profits†, New York Times Magazine, 13 September 1970, reprinted in Donaldson T and Werhane P (1983), Ethical Issues in Business: A Philosophical Approach, 2nd Edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Goodpaster K E (1991), Business Ethics and Stakeholder Analysis, Business Ethics Quarterly, 1, 53-73. Gray R H (1990), The Greening of Accounting: The Profession After Pearce, The Chartered Association of Certified Accountants, Certified Research Report, 17. Gray R H (1992), Accounting and Environmentalism: An Exploration of the Challenge of Gently Accounting for Accountability, Transparency and Sustainability. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17, 399-425. Gray R H, Owen D L Adams C (1996), Accounting and Accountability, Prentice Hall. Gray R, Dey C, Owen D, Evans R Zadek S (1997), Struggling with the praxis of social accounting: stakeholders, accountability, audits and procedures. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 10, 325-365. Kant I (1990), Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, NY: MacMillan. Lehman G (1995), A Legitimate Concern for Environmental Accounting, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 6, 393-413. Lehman G (1999), Disclosing New Worlds: Social and Environmental Accounting, forthcoming, Accounting, Organizations and Society. Lehman G [date unknown], Disclosing New Worlds: A Role for Social and Environmental Accounting and Auditing, Adelaide: The University of South Australia, 1-42. Miller F D Ahrens J (1988), The Social Responsibility of Corporations in Commerce and Morality, Totowa, NJ: Rowman Littlefield. Stretton H and Orchard L (1994), Public Goods, Public Enterprise, Public Choice, St. Martins Press. Taylor C (1992), The Politics of Recognition, In Gutmann A, Multiculturalism and The Politics of Recognition, Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, 25-75. Taylor C (1995), Heidegger, Language and Ecology. In Dreyfus H L Hall H, Heidegger: A Critical Reader, Blackwells: Oxford , 247-270.

Attentional Interference in Relation to the Stroop Effect :: essays research papers

Interference and facilitation are two important aspects of automatic processes. Interference refers to the range to which one process encumbers performance of another, whereas facilitation indicates the extent to which one process assists performance of another. Through practice and maturation, reading progresses from a controlled process to one that is automatic, lessening the demands on attentional resources. Stroop reported one of the first studies, which provided support for this, in 1935. He combined the word object/property dimensions in the same stimulus to create one of the most researched phenomena in cognitive psychology: The Stroop effect (MacLeod, 1991). He found that it was faster to read words than it was to name the corresponding object or their properties, including their color. Due to its key in understanding attention, the study that lead to many other related investigations, originated by examining interference in reading automaticity. Stroop furthered his research by creating tasks involving color naming and reading. He first compared the time it took to read color names printed in incongruent ink colors to a base line reading of color words. For the second part of his study, Stroop compared the time it took to name the ink color when congruent with the color word (e.g., blue printed in blue ink) to the time it took to name the ink color. By comparing the response times in the interference conditions to the control conditions he found that it took people longer to respond to the color of the ink when printed in a color incongruent to the color word (Stroop, 1995). The words interfere with naming the color; yet, the color does not interfere with reading the word. The nature of the Stroop effect results as a consequence of automaticity. People have difficulty ignoring the meaning of a word because, through practice, reading has become an automatic process. The two main explanations accounting for the Stroop effect in the past have been cognitive attentional processes involved in learning, controlled and automatic. As previously mentioned, when a process is automatic (for example reading), it is not only faster; it also does not rely on other cognitive resources. Controlled processes, for example color naming, are slow and demand more attentional resources. The theory is that an automatic process cannot successfully suppressed without causing interference of a controlled process. The second explanation, relative speed of processing, argues that the two processes involved in color naming and word reading are accomplished in parallel, but that word reading is carried out faster, assuming that the faster process will then interfere with the slower ones such as color naming (Dunbar and McLeod, 1984 as cited in Mel, 1997)

The Army As A Profession

The Army is a great profession were many individuals come together and make the impossible happen. This institution has to overcome more obstacles then most average career paths will take you. The only way these thing have happened and will continue to happen is through discipline, leadership, training and mentorship. The army is always changing at a fast rate of speed and without these elements the profession of arms will fall apart. After over a decade of war the army is changing again and as members of this profession it’s our duty to strive to be the best not only for the immediate goals but for the long term future of the Army.There are billboards, signs, commercials all over the country portraying the Army as a great profession. Most civilians from every walk of life see something they can count on, want to be like when they grow up, or protect them when danger is knocking on our door step. The perception the people have of the army affects the future of this grand organ ization in ways such as who would be the next generation of soldiers that would volunteer to how soldiers are treated by the rest of the people he/she has sacrifices so much for.The Army is a profession first and foremost. The unique thing about the army is that it takes extra skills to be a professional. Not only do you have to know your job, be tactically proficient, but also continue the path of professional growth through civilian education or training to raise your knowledge in the world around you. It is the responsibility of every leader and soldier to strive for the total soldier concept. With all of the frequent and multiple deployments there have been assed stresses to the soldiers’ families and communities.Because of the war there are many who feel that the standards within the army have fallen from what they once were. But the question what has happened to this profession and what do we do to correct it. To achieve the total soldier concept, there has to be an und erstanding of what it is to be a real professional and fulfill the duties they raised their right hand and vowed to do. In order for the army to grow as a profession of arms and keep a positive light on it needs discipline, leadership, training and mentorship. All of these things play a role in the total soldier concept.As the army changes with the times no longer is the total soldier concept just learning your MOS being good at PT, and qualify with a weapon. Now if you don’t strive to better yourself with education and schools you will not be able to progress with promotion and then you will have to get out the army. In order for the Army to grow as a profession of arms and keep it image positive, there are some key areas every soldier has to work on to achieve the total soldier concept. Discipline, leadership, training, mentorship must stay continuous in the work environment as well as off duty.Soldiers must also remain resilient when it comes to the mission and be able to adapt. Every soldier no matter what stage in there career should be working to better themselves in these key areas. Discipline is the building block for a soldier. Without it there would be no flow or organization within any unit echelon. Discipline is where the whole army seems to be falling short. General George S. Patton, Jr. stated â€Å"Discipline is based on pride in the Profession of Arms, on meticulous attention to details, and on mutual respect and confidence.Discipline must be a habit so engrained that it is stronger than the excitement of battle or the fear of death. † If the Army has discipline issues it will in turn have problems as a profession. Discipline has to be ingrained into the new soldiers from day one they join the army, but with all the changes the Army has taken a lot of the authority had been taken away from the instructors to help instill the necessary discipline levels needed in the army. The army is not a normal career. There may be doctors and l ayers within the ranks but they are all soldiers first.Soldiers are put in extreme situations that most career paths would not put you through. So it is imperative that the initial training is a through as it can be. Discipline doesn’t stop at initial training in fact the more discipline is needed the longer a soldier is in the army. The military is expected to be tougher, stronger, quick to react, physically fit individuals. But it all starts from the beginning transition from civilian to soldier with the follow through training to be disciplined as a soldier moves forward in his or her career.As discipline is the building block for a soldier, a soldier’s leadership are the tools used to achieve the building of the blocks. If a soldier doesn’t have a good leader how can that soldier ever develop to his full potential? Leaders train mentor motivate and lead soldiers on a daily basis. They need to be competent in not only there job but in soldiering as well. They need to be avid problem solvers and enginutive on how to accomplish the mission safely and in a timely manner. They should hold an atmosphere of authority around them and there subordinates should be able to trust and respect them.A lot of the newer leadership has not been around for a garrison army and may or may not be familiar with a lot of the cortices that the Army has strayed away from in the last decade due to the war. With all the constant deployments the main focus was on war time missions some of the total solder concept has been lost. As a result there are many Non-Commissioned Officers that are not as proficient as they should be. Being able to go to war isn’t the only thing an NCO has to be able to be. Training and mentoring is a never ending process.There is always something new to learn. There is always someone around who can teach a soldier no matter what the rank on a soldier’s chest might me. In this specific profession soldiers wont only be trained on their specific MOS’s or combat skills but on moral and ethical issues as well to improve the soldiers understanding of how to perform the job asked of them and how to present themselves. Again unlike other professions when this uniform is dawned the soldiers stops representing his or her self but now represents the Army and the United States of America.The Army is slowing down on its deployments so the focus on training has shifted and there are many who need to pay attention and learn so they will continue to be a valuable to the military. The Army is as fluid as a fiver and the soldiers in it need to be as fluid as well. It should be the goal of every soldier to mentor those who are below them to help create a better army, and to find a roll model to mentor them so they can achieve the higher levels they are striving for.As a hole the Army has succeeded in accomplishing all of its missions and tackled the obstacles it comes up against. So this is just one more obstacle t o overcome. Making things less stressful and more relaxed will make things worse for solders in general. Discipline has to be enforced to keep control of the mission and to prepare the Army for any future missions it comes up against. Training how we fight and how to present ourselves is the responsibility of every soldier.A leader mentors a subordinate and a senior leader mentors the leader so on and so forth so that there is always an endless cycle of learning and bring the Army into a greater profession. The Army is a career many people will never try and those that do are asked to give more than most other professions, but the difference is the soldiers on this profession represent something much greater than their job. They represent America and as a profession every effort has to be taken to keep America from becoming something other then great. The Army As A Profession The Army is a great profession were many individuals come together and make the impossible happen. This institution has to overcome more obstacles then most average career paths will take you. The only way these thing have happened and will continue to happen is through discipline, leadership, training and mentorship. The army is always changing at a fast rate of speed and without these elements the profession of arms will fall apart. After over a decade of war the army is changing again and as members of this profession it’s our duty to strive to be the best not only for the immediate goals but for the long term future of the Army.There are billboards, signs, commercials all over the country portraying the Army as a great profession. Most civilians from every walk of life see something they can count on, want to be like when they grow up, or protect them when danger is knocking on our door step. The perception the people have of the army affects the future of this grand organ ization in ways such as who would be the next generation of soldiers that would volunteer to how soldiers are treated by the rest of the people he/she has sacrifices so much for.The Army is a profession first and foremost. The unique thing about the army is that it takes extra skills to be a professional. Not only do you have to know your job, be tactically proficient, but also continue the path of professional growth through civilian education or training to raise your knowledge in the world around you. It is the responsibility of every leader and soldier to strive for the total soldier concept. With all of the frequent and multiple deployments there have been assed stresses to the soldiers’ families and communities.Because of the war there are many who feel that the standards within the army have fallen from what they once were. But the question what has happened to this profession and what do we do to correct it. To achieve the total soldier concept, there has to be an und erstanding of what it is to be a real professional and fulfill the duties they raised their right hand and vowed to do. In order for the army to grow as a profession of arms and keep a positive light on it needs discipline, leadership, training and mentorship. All of these things play a role in the total soldier concept.As the army changes with the times no longer is the total soldier concept just learning your MOS being good at PT, and qualify with a weapon. Now if you don’t strive to better yourself with education and schools you will not be able to progress with promotion and then you will have to get out the army. In order for the Army to grow as a profession of arms and keep it image positive, there are some key areas every soldier has to work on to achieve the total soldier concept. Discipline, leadership, training, mentorship must stay continuous in the work environment as well as off duty.Soldiers must also remain resilient when it comes to the mission and be able to adapt. Every soldier no matter what stage in there career should be working to better themselves in these key areas. Discipline is the building block for a soldier. Without it there would be no flow or organization within any unit echelon. Discipline is where the whole army seems to be falling short. General George S. Patton, Jr. stated â€Å"Discipline is based on pride in the Profession of Arms, on meticulous attention to details, and on mutual respect and confidence.Discipline must be a habit so engrained that it is stronger than the excitement of battle or the fear of death. † If the Army has discipline issues it will in turn have problems as a profession. Discipline has to be ingrained into the new soldiers from day one they join the army, but with all the changes the Army has taken a lot of the authority had been taken away from the instructors to help instill the necessary discipline levels needed in the army. The army is not a normal career. There may be doctors and l ayers within the ranks but they are all soldiers first.Soldiers are put in extreme situations that most career paths would not put you through. So it is imperative that the initial training is a through as it can be. Discipline doesn’t stop at initial training in fact the more discipline is needed the longer a soldier is in the army. The military is expected to be tougher, stronger, quick to react, physically fit individuals. But it all starts from the beginning transition from civilian to soldier with the follow through training to be disciplined as a soldier moves forward in his or her career.As discipline is the building block for a soldier, a soldier’s leadership are the tools used to achieve the building of the blocks. If a soldier doesn’t have a good leader how can that soldier ever develop to his full potential? Leaders train mentor motivate and lead soldiers on a daily basis. They need to be competent in not only there job but in soldiering as well. They need to be avid problem solvers and enginutive on how to accomplish the mission safely and in a timely manner. They should hold an atmosphere of authority around them and there subordinates should be able to trust and respect them.A lot of the newer leadership has not been around for a garrison army and may or may not be familiar with a lot of the cortices that the Army has strayed away from in the last decade due to the war. With all the constant deployments the main focus was on war time missions some of the total solder concept has been lost. As a result there are many Non-Commissioned Officers that are not as proficient as they should be. Being able to go to war isn’t the only thing an NCO has to be able to be. Training and mentoring is a never ending process.There is always something new to learn. There is always someone around who can teach a soldier no matter what the rank on a soldier’s chest might me. In this specific profession soldiers wont only be trained on their specific MOS’s or combat skills but on moral and ethical issues as well to improve the soldiers understanding of how to perform the job asked of them and how to present themselves. Again unlike other professions when this uniform is dawned the soldiers stops representing his or her self but now represents the Army and the United States of America.The Army is slowing down on its deployments so the focus on training has shifted and there are many who need to pay attention and learn so they will continue to be a valuable to the military. The Army is as fluid as a fiver and the soldiers in it need to be as fluid as well. It should be the goal of every soldier to mentor those who are below them to help create a better army, and to find a roll model to mentor them so they can achieve the higher levels they are striving for.As a hole the Army has succeeded in accomplishing all of its missions and tackled the obstacles it comes up against. So this is just one more obstacle t o overcome. Making things less stressful and more relaxed will make things worse for solders in general. Discipline has to be enforced to keep control of the mission and to prepare the Army for any future missions it comes up against. Training how we fight and how to present ourselves is the responsibility of every soldier.A leader mentors a subordinate and a senior leader mentors the leader so on and so forth so that there is always an endless cycle of learning and bring the Army into a greater profession. The Army is a career many people will never try and those that do are asked to give more than most other professions, but the difference is the soldiers on this profession represent something much greater than their job. They represent America and as a profession every effort has to be taken to keep America from becoming something other then great.

Hemp for Victory essays

Hemp for Victory essays The U.S. Department of Agriculture persuading farmers to grow hemp for the war effort in the 1940s coined the slogan Hemp for Victory. Websters Dictionary defines hemp as a genus of widely cultivated annuals, this plants fiber used for ropes and coarse fabrics. Hemp is a variety of cannabis sativa which is similar in structure to the street drug called marijuana. Yet Kulpa ( 1999, p.61) indicates, hemp is marijuanas straight cousin-classified as cannabis but containing microscopic levels of THC, the psychoactive ingredient in pot, according to the North American Industrial Hemp Council. Marijuana is much higher as stated by Sternburg (1999, p.1A), contains THC levels as high as 20%. The uses of the hemp fiber are numerous and have been woven into our nations heritage. The first immigrants reaching America used sails, rigging and nets made of hemp ( White 1999 p. 4). In the early colonies must grow hemp laws were enforced to provide sufficient clothing and materials( White 199 9 p.4). The Declaration of Independence, an unofficial transcript of the Constitution and the first flag of the United States were all written on hemp. Today anything made from petroleum or synthetic products can be manufactured from hemp (Smith). Industrial hemp is an environment-friendly crop that might contain a wealth of possibilities. Currently U.S. farmers are looking towards hemp as a new crop to provide diversity and better prices then the present corn, wheat, barley, etc. In 1998 Canada lifted the ban on hemp, allowing farmers with government permits to provide a new rotation crop. Sternberg states (1999 p.1A) The farmers must pass criminal records checks and prevent the THC level in the plants from exceeding .03 percent, which is monitored by law enforcement. The price difference between hemp and tr ...

buy custom Developing an Evaluation Plan essay

buy custom Developing an Evaluation Plan essay In determining whether an evidence-based change brought out the intended result, evaluation is vital. The outcome of the analysis should point toward the formulation of possible alternative interpretation for the findings (Melnyk Fineout-Overholt, 2005). The general objective of an evaluation is to determine the effect of the adapted change. To examine the efficacy and probability of the implementation of the protocol, a three-month trial will be done. This is to enhance compliance of respiratory therapists and nurses in executing oral care on patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The evaluation process should answer the following questions: Was the oral care protocol initiated properly? Did the standardized oral care protocol increased nurses compliance with oral care? Did the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia decrease after the oral care protocol was implemented? Was the oral care implementation recorded according to the new protocol? For three months, the present study will be implemented in a medical surgical intensive care unit with 20 beds. Patients requiring mechanical ventilation but do not have baseline pneumonia are included in the study. The participants in the process include all respiratory therapists and intensive care unit nurses. Methods for Evaluation of Effectiveness The nurse designated in infection control will document the data regarding the incidences on ventilator-associated pneumonia. A graph illustration of ventilator-associated pneumonia trends within 6 months will be placed on the chart. The graph will show the number of occurrences of ventilator-associated pneumonia each month. The graph will show the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia each month from six months before the implementation of the protocol and after every month. To show correlation, the frequency of oral care and the documented amounts of time of oral care will also be charted from the start of the implementation of the protocol. Within an 8-hour time block, a trained research team member will perform a randomized direct observation audit and compare it with pre-implementation data. For evaluation use, significant data obtained and discussed during staff meetings will be recorded in abbreviated form. For evaluation use, comment suggestion sheets and questionnaires filled out by the nursing staff will also be collected and catalogued. All participants involved will be updated on monthly change in VAP rates and monthly level of compliance in oral care. The outcome will be evaluated by ventilator-associated pneumonia indicator measurements, such as incidence of VAP, average cost, length of ICU stay, and average ventilator days. For compliance degree with oral care, a post-observational audit and implementation chart will be conducted. Dependent Variables The quality of oral care and compliance of most nurses and respiratory therapists is not enough to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the patient population. This is happening even if they are knowedgeable of the importance of oral care for patients requiring mechanical ventilation. This happens because no consistent oral care guidelines, method, and frequency for performance exist at present. Independent Variables The education and experience of the nurses, their knowledge of the hospitals services and provision of ideal oral care based on the protocol, their attitude towards oral care procedures and the allotted time to perform the proceedings are the independent variables associated with the task. According to Furr et al. (2004), the proposed plan can be greatly affected by the nurses attitude towards oral care, their value and importance to the procedure, and their perceived unpleasantness of oral care performances. For example, the actual frequency of oral care determined and the quality of the oral care provided may be limited if observation within 24 hours was not conducted. Tools for Educating It is very important to let the staff understand the potential benefit of decreasing the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and the fundamental reasons supporting proper oral care. To establish the best practices prior to the development of the protocol, a review of literary studies will be conducted. The review will be compiled and presented through handouts and power point presentation to key stakeholders. The protocol will be outlined, and the results obtained from the past chart audits will be put in handouts and made available to all the staff and stakeholders. At different schedules, the administrative groups will be presented with the initial presentation of the protocol by using power point slides. On the other hand, respiratory therapists and intensive care unit nurses will be informed of the new oral care protocol through handouts and power point presentation during weekly meetings. Moreover, posters will be posted in various areas in the intensive care units ind icating the fundamental elements of the oral care protocol. Reminder posters will also be posted on the wall at the patients head of the bed. Assessment Tools For comments, suggestions, and feedback, comment suggestion papers and pre- and post-questionnaires will be distributed to all respiratory therapists and nurses. For the first three months, the education department will hold team meetings to address the oral care limitations, processes change and procedures related to the oral care protocol. The education department will be requested to discuss the importance of proper oral care for patients requiring mechanical ventilation. This will be done during the orientation process of newly-hired employess. Each month, staff meetings will be held to obtain feedback from the staff and share information. Changes will also be made according to the feedback. To see if there are differences after the introduction of the oral care procedures, all respiratory therapists and nurses will be surveyed about the oral care practices. To see if the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia has improved in the hospital from the time when the protocol wa s implemented, chart audits will be conducted. To implement the protocol, the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PPDSA) cycle will be used by planning. The protocol will then be implemented and tested on a small scale at a time. Then it will be analysed and the results will be compared. The protocol then will be adjusted according to the analysed results. When proceedings are not improving accordingly, a champion will be placed to make sure that everything proceeds in the right direction. The identified champion will discuss the problems with the staff and will help keep all involved personnel on the same path. Dissemination of Evidence After the completion of the study, the findings will be disseminated to the clinicians and other personnel involved who will use the information in decision-making about patient care. Dissemination mediums should include both written and oral presentations (Melnyk Fineout-Overholt, 2005). Dissemination will be done for all the nursing community and members of the audience to understand and have access to relevant information regarding the development of the new oral care protocol standard. The key stakeholders will be the first to inform on the significance of oral care by means of verified and tested studies conducted in other intensive care unit institutions. The information process will be in the form of evidence-based research articles summaries, power points, graphs, and original summaries. Numbers will also be presented about the patients. An example of the use of numbers is the use of percentages for the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia after oral care procedures are done, and other hospital-related effects, including the decrease of the patients need of care and other cost factors. At first meeting, the same data will be shared with all the nursing staff involved in the oral care implementation. The meeting will also serve to disseminate strategies and information on the oral care changes that are significant to the nursing staff. New information will be derived and disseminated at a monthly meeting with the nursing staff. The information will be presented through power point presentations, handouts, and lectures. Gathering of information will be through questionnaires, suggestion sheets, and vocal reports from nurses. The information will be passed on to the key stakeholders in any form appropriate at their monthly meetings. Barriers anticipated include the lack of time to gather and present data in a filled out form, lack of available time for prioritization, attendance to meetings and completion of questionnaires. The new oral care proto col implementation will be published in the quarterly magazine circulated in the hospitals. The outline of the oral care protocol and the power point presentation will be posted on the the hospitals website so that the members of the nursing community can assess it. A brief presentation and general overview of the oral care protocol will be discussed in community meetings by the nurse practitioner. The dissemination process and evaluation will be considered successful if it involves careful planning, testing, and modification of the oral care protocol. To increase the oral care compliance of nurses and respiratory therapists, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. All involved personnel should be committed, and the intensive care administration should encourage them to achieve a successful result. Buy custom Developing an Evaluation Plan essay

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 36

Business - Essay Example Such teams have members who are highly committed and work in a work environment that enhances collaboration and learning. Teams that lack these characteristics end up being ineffective for the organization. There are various behaviors that team members and leaders need to carry out in order to form an effective team. In an effective team leaders need have a future oriented approach and they need to have the ability to influence other team members towards the achievement of the team’s goals (Kuczma 11). Leaders need to promote anti-discriminatory behaviors and respect the importance of diversification within teams. The team members need to provide support to their leaders while accepting and respecting the differences between them and other team members. The members need to have a positive attitude towards work and develop strong bonds with other team members. According to TEAM model a new team is developed in a step by step model (Noyes 72). The model states that first a team meeting takes place and the members are informed about the purpose for which the team has been made. Next the team leader indulges in the work of identifying what roles are to be assigned and who will be responsible to carry out those roles. The team then starts performing and in its initial stages it may not perform effectively. Thus evaluation of the performance is carried out and issues are discussed and solutions are identified. This helps in developing the effectiveness of the team which ultimately results in attainment of organizational aims as well as objectives. Conflict is an issue that arises even between the most effective teams and it is the job of the members of the team and the leader to minimize those conflicts. In order to minimize conflicts the collaboration method should be used (Gido 380). While using this method, team members tend to identify a solution that benefits everyone within the team. The members need to face the conflict in

New adventure creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

New adventure creation - Essay Example 146). The following new adventure creation ideas will be necessary to ensure success of the business as well as making it profitable. The name of the business will be XYZ car body and paint shop. The present paper discuses the venture of a new business idea starting a car body and paint shop. The business will be engaged in repairing and painting car bodies of all models. This is a good business idea for the type of business seems not to be affected, by any economic changes since everybody currently seems to own his or her own car. The idea of the business is to provide high quality products and services to the potential customers (Grossman 2005, p. 150). Being the owner of the business, I will ensure that the business keeps every kind of current technique, products, and services to enable it to offer quality services and products, which is the most customers’ demand in todays world. The business and the workers will be dedicated to carrying out all services on time and sustaining every car owner to be a long-term customer of the shop. XYZ car body and paint shop will be selling and replacing worn-out car bodies and offering painting services to the damaged car bodies. This will involve complete restoration of car frames for all types and makes of cars, body repairs, and paints including electrical repair, rust repair, custom engine building, and metal fabrication and paint. The business will specialize in all the current Spain cars and trucks makes. The average body repair and painting will take a minimum of two days, therefore the average labour for repairing and painting one car will cost an approximation of $100. The customers will also incur extra cost for any other extra part that we will buy for the purpose of the car repair. The XYZ car body and paint shop will also carry out any other relevant car services